Ask a model to summarize a PDF, explain a chart within it, and read a paragraph aloud in a specific voice—without switching tools—and you have the promise of multimodality. In 2025, systems that understand and generate text, images, audio, and video are moving from demos to production, with practical limits and clear performance trade-offs that...
In AI training today, a single accelerator can stream multiple terabytes per second from stacked memory while drawing hundreds of watts; a full cluster can push tens of megawatts. That hard physics—bandwidth, energy, heat—now shapes model sizes, formats like FP8 and INT4, and where models run, from hyperscale datacenters to 5‑watt phone NPUs. The Future...
When a customer-support assistant I deployed began fielding 18,000 chats per week, two numbers decided whether we kept it online: a 2.4% hallucination rate that generated 160 escalations, and a p95 latency of 1.1 seconds that customers tolerated. Shrinking hallucinations to under 1% and keeping p95 below 1.0 seconds dropped escalations by 28% and saved...
In the past three years I’ve shipped AI systems that served 40ms fraud scores, refreshed a 2-billion vector index nightly, and survived a compliance audit that asked for column-level lineage across 11,000 tables. The lesson is unglamorous but liberating: AI succeeds or fails on data plumbing, not model theatrics. “Data Infrastructure for AI Success” is...
Shadow AI is already in your company: expense reports with unapproved chatbot subscriptions, browser extensions quietly calling large language model APIs, and chat logs that include confidential snippets pasted to “get help fast.” In network logs, it’s common to see dozens of distinct AI endpoints touched by a single department in a week. If your...
Trust in AI breaks on little things with big consequences: a hallucinated citation in a medical note, a content filter that misses 1% of toxic outputs at scale, or a 2.8-second lag that makes a sales agent stop using the tool. In 2025, public rules meet production reality: the EU AI Act sets penalties up...
By mid-2025, several clauses of the EU’s AI Act will already be biting: prohibited practices apply roughly six months after entry into force, and general‑purpose AI obligations begin around the 12‑month mark. For anyone building, buying, or deploying AI in or into the EU, the question is no longer “if,” but “how” to comply without...
Every AI query rides an invisible supply chain: electricity drawn from grids with wildly different carbon intensities, water evaporated at cooling towers, and silicon manufactured in energy‑intensive fabs. A single month‑long training run on 10,000 GPUs can consume around 3–4 GWh after cooling overheads, emitting over a thousand tons of CO2e on a moderately clean...
Agentic AI systems don’t just draft emails or summarize documents—they open browsers, log into tools, schedule follow-ups, and keep working until the job is done. In one real-world pilot, an autonomous support agent resolved 28% of tickets end-to-end while obeying a cost cap of $0.70 per case; in another, a coding agent safely merged trivial...